At present, the distribution of benefits  between search engines and media is out of  balance.  How to deal with the relationship between the interests  of       them has always been a  complicated problem. From the view of balance  of  interests in copyright law, this paper systematically analyzed the protection and limitation of the media’s internet copyright. The study also discriminated the respective different legal liability of  general links,deep links, frame link,       snapshot,news title,and a few lines of  text search results  provided  to draw a clear boundary between infringement and no infringement.

Media create unique news culture. In the process of producing such culture, media act both as creator and consumer. Nonetheless, copyright infringements happen sometimes. In the process of dealing with copyright disputes, media, as the defendant, commonly try to persuade plaintiff to compromise and withdraw claims. Even in judicial proceedings, courts, as well, prefer to encourage both sides make compromise. As result, the majority of such cases ended with compromising and the plaintiffs withdrawn their claims. This article aims to analyze and criticize this phenomenon in media copyright disputes.

With the booming of short video / live streaming, the two different and related theoretical approaches of online emotional labour and online affective labour are increasingly integrated in digital labour. This paper mainly expounds how the cross connection of the two different theories can better serve our understanding of the current digital platform and digital labour. Online emotional labour provides an individual approach for digital labour, emphasizing the subjectivity of labourers; online affective labour provides a collective one, which is more oriented to digital platform. The digital labour of short video / live streaming platform requires online emotional labour based on individual labourers, such as Internet anchor. The collection of all online emotional labour constitutes the online affective labour of the platform, thus constituting the characteristics of the digital platform. Defined by these characteristics, the platform operation logic, which can be recognized as the platform style, also acts on each online emotional labour. The digital labour of short video / live streaming platform represented by Kuaishou shows four main characteristics: emphasizing appearance and body, paying attention to language and speaking, recognizing imitation and copying, emphasizing persona and acting. In terms of future case studies, this research on the integration of online emotional labour and affective labour provides a useful method, perspective and framework. Also, relevant research needs to pay attention to the labour characteristics in the era of short video / live streaming, and place it in the specific online platforms, so as to further understand the Internet anchor and its digital labour in the context of Chinese practice. What also needs to be further expanded is the understanding and reconstructing of the theory of online emotional labor and online affective labour.

By interviewing with Professor Joseph D. Straubhaar, this article discusses how global media research can achieve its’ theoretical and methodological innovations in view of the development experiences of BRICS media. 'Cultural proximity’ and ‘multilayered cultural identity’ are two key concepts raised by Prof. Straubhaar to criticize ‘cultural imperialism’ based on the Brazilian reality. Theoretically, these two concepts intend to inherit the main ideas of globalization critically, emphasizing the significant influence of audience’ cultural identity on regional/local level to cultural production’s global flow. Methodologically, the two concepts attempt to highlight the position of qualitative method such as ethnographic interview and family history in audience research. Finally, the two aspects of innovations will make scholars better understand how to raise China’s soft power and intercultural communication ability trough the cross-cultural comparison among BRICS media.

This paper is a review of communication studies published in Greater China in 2021. Articles and other publications are selected by ten researchers based on the value of research questions, the solidarity of research methods, the significance of the findings and research innovativeness. Studies are categorized into eight topics: media theory, temporal and spatial dimensions of media, platforms and digital labor, fan culture, the empowerment of digital media, COVID-19 and health communication, the materiality and embodiment of communication, algorithm and artificial intelligence.

From “gatekeeping” the content gate of journalism and communication to “gatekeeping” the social gate of platform governance, the paradigm shift of the concept of “gatekeeper” reflects the inevitable trend of technological progress and the development of the times, continues the internal consistent spirit of human civilization, and also represents the paradigm shift of human social communication and governance in the whole digital age. This study traces the origin of the concept of “gatekeeper” and combs its connotation and paradigm transformation process through literature research and interdisciplinary comparative research. From the “gatekeeper” in the field of journalism and communication to the “gatekeeper” on the Internet platform, this paper analyzes the changes and invariance, and discriminates the essence of the change in the digital age and the difficulties faced by today’s human social governance. From the “gatekeeper” of journalism and communication to the “gatekeeper” of the platform is essentially a paradigm shift in the role and role of information communication in human society. Under the guidance of the new human communication behavior with data as the core, the theoretical basis and knowledge system of communication need to be reconstructed in order to realize the real paradigm transformation of communication. The change of the concept of “gatekeeper” provides important enlightenment for the transformation and reconstruction of communication.

Social media play a mainstream role for users to get information. But in recent years users feel fatigue about it. Previous studies have attributed the causes of fatigue mainly to the excessive amount of information (perceived overload). This paper argues that in addition to the “quantity” reason, the fatigue of social media should have “quality” reasons such as perceived value. Combining the methods of in-depth interviews and survey, this paper studied Chinese WeChat and Weibo users’ minds and behaviors. Social media fatigue among Chinese users was common and affected by perceived benefit and perceived cost. Cognitive cost applied the greatest influence on user’s fatigue, followed by time cost, function value, information quality and social value. Cognitive cost and information quality were first found dimensions of perceived value in local circumstances.

This research focuses critical and empirical attention on the resistance tactics of algorithm audiences in the control society. The algorithm society presents the characteristics of weak spatialization, heavy predictability, and dividuality. It seems to create personalized and independent exclusive content and services for individuals, but the essence is to conquer the world with a set of extremely single standard codes. Precisely put user needs into the code calculation, in this way, the largest range of deviations from conventional folk practices can be eliminated. When the performance of the algorithm cannot provide a good user experience, the audience begins to build their own tactical practice space, and a series of "low-level operations" such as escaping, reorganizing, embedding and backlashing the algorithm text. Audience resistance tactics, as an inherent form of low-level politics that is very different from the rules of upper-level technology and politics, acting in a way outside the visible spectrum of formal activities recognized by technical activities. However, there is no absolute deviation in the algorithm (control) society. Any deviation is a new form of participation. Users are locked in the services and rules provided by the platform through "technical tolerance" and "participation culture". Individuals are conquered, defined and reshaped by technology, which looks like giving participants a more social illusion. Users think they are smart and they resist. In essence, it has become a self-reinforcing inequality.

As a case orientation research method, Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) has been widely spread and applied on social science research in recent 20 years. In this article, first we had an introduction and analysis on its research logic and applicable environment, then four research orientations were proposed to envision the application prospects of QCA in the field of journalism and communication. Based on these steps, we finally introduce its operation steps and hope to bring this method to more research on journalism and communication, therefore our methodology will be expanded and enriched.

The D8 Expedition has caused shock and heated discussions in public opinion both inside and outside China. It has renewed the understandings of the 90s and 00s generations among scholars and elites, and thus exposed theoretical and cognitive blind spots in the past studies of Chinese Internet nationalism. This paper tries to develop some “middle range” explanations of the “informed nationalists” under the context of new media commercial culture. We will frst give a historical recapitulation of the developments of online popular nationalism in China, and then use multi-sited online and of?ine ethnography to investigate how fans are turned into nationalists. The research is the frst step to reveal complex mechanisms of cultural production and collective identity formation in the era of new media and among cultural industries, and to explore their development, potential and limitations.

According to the 45th Statistical Report on China’s Internet Development, as of March 2020, live-streaming show in China, which attracted 207 million users, has become an important economic industry. Previous studies often employed concept of emotional labor to investigate how live-streaming platforms alienated and exploited the practitioners. However, on the one hand, this approach largely ignored the live-streamers’ subjective experience; on the other hand, the use of emotional labor also showed limitations in explaining the live-streamers’ working practice. Therefore, based on a 12-month digital ethnography, this study combines “relational labor” and “platformization” to examine how live-streamers negotiate the economic and intimate relationships with their audiences inside/outside the live-streaming platform, and concludes three strategies of “pricing”, “differentiation” and “boundary”. The study also makes a further theoretical reflection on relational labor, platformization and the subjectivity of live-streamers.

With the development of technology, individual’s each online action will leave his/her data print. After professional processing and mining, those data will become a distinctive data chain to recognize and identify him/her successfully. According, new requirements for legal protection on internet privacy arise in the digital times. Based on the updated General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) proposed by European Commission, the paper discusses one of the hot issues-right to be forgotten. By taking Google and Facebook as examples, from the aspects of theory, legislation, jurisdiction and tradition, the paper analyses the real meaning of the right, and furthermore, points out the right is also facing some new challenges, such as data collection, data control and application scope. Finally, after some comments on the right, the paper presents an idea that the right could not be realized totally if there are still some limits.

Driven by the new technologies such as AI, IoT and VR/AR, a smart media age is coming. In the new era, everything may become media. Human works together with intelligent machines in the whole process of media and the interaction between man and machine may flially result in a self-evolution of media. In the aspect of news production, fve models will be formed with the introduction of intelligent machines: personalized news, machine writing, sensor news, immersive news and distributed news. The future media industry will be reshaped in four dimensions: user platform, news production system, news distribution system and information terminals. Though machine and algorithm will play important roles in the smart media age, human should surpass algorithm and insist on its own values. Also in the interaction of man and machine, humanistic concern should always be put frst.

What are the challenges and possibilities in promoting the adaptation and understanding of Chinese culture among members of other cultural groups through cultural identity adjustment in the practice of cross-cultural communication? This research explores a new path for cultural identity studies by introducing Communication Theory of Identity (CTI), and conducts interviews and practical investigations with Chinese personnel from 14 Confucius Institutes worldwide, as well as “cultural contactees” from different countries. It is found that the “the third culture space” represented by “festival culture” is a domain that requires attention in crosscultural communication research. The perceived security of cultural participants’ identity after encountering Chinese festival culture is influenced by factors such as identity gaps, effectiveness of dialogue, and bicultural identity backgrounds. Furthermore, the challenges in understanding cultural identity are mainly attributed to identity gaps created by conceptual boundaries. Festival culture, through the construction of a community of shared meanings and open dialogue, connects the fourfold identity in the framework of CTI. It achieves enchantment through setting micronarratives,creating cultural experiences, and promoting two-way integration, thus facilitating the “awakening-integration-belonging” of cultural participants’ cultural identities.

In the past 20 years of Internet development, information technology has changed into the fundamental social factor from communication protocol, channel, media and platform. During this process, the social network experienced a transformation from the pattern of difference sequence and the group pattern to complicated and distributed network that is open and interactive, which have essentially changed the situation and ways people connect with each other and triggered the evolution of social resource distribution and power pattern. As a new source of power, Internet activates the individuals and the self-organizations, empowering the powerless in the society and causing power shift from the state actors to the non-state actors. This article tries to illustrate the dynamics and effect of the empowerment based on relation network in social media.

Digital platforms such as social media have become space to raise gender consciousness, foster women’s solidarity and call for social change. Through qualitative methods such as in-depth interview and participatory observation, this study explores the process of gender consciousness among young female users who actively speak out on gender issues in local digital space. In addition, this paper proposes the concept of “mediated affective solidarity” to understand how individuals who suffer from affective dissonance, experience gender consciousness and become affective alien can connect, support with each other and make collective voices to form a sense of solidary as affective communities based on the connective affordance of social media. This study argues that social media and other digital platforms have reconfigured the relationship between individual, collective and space, and shaped the feminist politics of transformation in contemporary China, in which affect plays a significant role.

This essay focuses on nationalism in China. It situates the analysis in China’s social and historical relationship with the West and discusses the differences and similarities between official nationalism and popular nationalism, and between political nationalism and consumer nationalism. The essay first traces the historical development of nationalism in China since the First Opium War in order to provide a broader historical context, which is followed by an investigation of cosmopolitanism. I argue that modern China often swings between nationalism and cosmopolitanism. After that, the essay analyzes the “D8 Expedition” to explore the specifcs of online nationalism. I argue that the D8 case is not only the expression of nationalism but also the performance of identity politics that is embedded in consumer culture and global geopolitics. Such a performance is not only rooted in our selective memory of history, but also asserts China’s position in the context of globalization that is sometimes characterized by frustrations and resentment. Thus, nationalism in China converges local and global forces, politics and economy, and offcial and popular elements.

This paper selects innovative communication reseach from nearly 30 Chinese academic journals (including Hong Kong and Taiwan) in 2022 in terms of research issues, perspectives and demonstration methods. Studies are categorized into eleven topics: Metaverse, epidemic and health communication, communication history, media theory, materiality, algorithms, platform labour, media and space, media culture, media memory, mobile/social media use and interaction. The study found that communication research in China in 2022 was characterised by three main features: firstly, communication research focused on dialogue with classical theories from across disciplines and continued reflection on fundamental questions such as “what is media”; secondly, researchers balanced new phenomena with everyday issues and focused on the dialogue between old and new issues and theories; finally, communication scholars placed their research horizons on a more diverse range of actors and richer research scenarios, leading to a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of objects such as space and materials.

With the permeation of media, the concept of mediatization has become one of the most important notions reflecting the significance of media and a new paradigm of media studies. This paper makes a distinction between the two concepts of mediatization and mediation, and explains the meaning of media logic that the mediatization as a meta-process contains. Moreover, the space representations of the mediatized society and the extension of media logic to networking logic are discussed from the point of view of daily life in the network society. The mediatized system of social space has changed with the networking connectivity of information. Traditional media logic is in essence uni-directional time-oriented technological logic aimed at communication effects, while networking logic to a great degree is a multi-dimensional space-oriented logic based on daily life practices. The Internet makes social space, mind space and physical space nested and separated. Seemingly as the result of the extension of media technologies, the network society is actually the projection of social interaction. Future research shall pay attention to how to connect interactive relationships in network space and how to integrate the issues of time and space.

As a product of media technology, the rise of network circusee has greatly inspired people’s imagination on technology empowering. With Foucault's panopticism perspective, this paper considers that the network circusee essentially reproduced the power dynamics of "panopticon". Those who be circuseed will finally be self-disciplined by the eyes of the power. Different from the traditional point of view, this paper argues that the "rational circusee" is not able to rescue the “be-circuseed” ones from the captivity of spirits. Through "national wide discipline", the circusee maintaine and consolidate the existing order.

With the increasing popularity and development of Internet, a new mode of interactive groups named network community come up. Douban Website which is one of the most successful Web 2.0 website in China gains praise from users. Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, this study aims at examining the factors that affect the participation behavior of network website users by using Douban Website as an example. The results find that : (1)performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence have a positive impact on the using willingness of network community; (2) performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, using willingness have a positive impact on the using behavior of network community; (3) facilitating conditions have no significant impact on the behavior of network community; (4) the moderating effect of gender is not significant, but the performance expectancy-using willingness relationships is significantly moderated by experience with network community.

With short-video platforms rapidly developing, middle-aged and elderly people, the so-called “digital immigrants”, are increasingly engaging in short-video apps. The low media literacy among this group has aroused great concerns. This study interviewed 19 middle-aged and elderly people by asking them to identify the fake information on several short videos. Through in-depth interviews, we obtained the participants’ analyzing logic and their identifying approaches. Applying the Grounded Theory, we constructed a model explaining their approaches of identifying information on short videos, including systematic route, peripheral route and social route. This paper also portrays three different types of profiles of the middle-aged and elderly people in the field of information identification of short videos: emotionally dominant ones, experience-dependent ones and integrative analysts. In the end, this study attempts to offer specific strategies to guide middle-aged and elderly people to avoid information pitfalls and also mentions the governance responsibility of content production.

Journalism is aimed at constructing career ideals and career regulation theory hierarchies by using the journalistic professionalism. However, with the growing involvement of political and commercial powers, and the deconstruction of traditional channel hegemony by new media technology, the traditional journalistic professionalism have been challenged by diverse aspects. The journalistic professionalism theory, which gradually emerged in 1960s, was constructed based on the subject-centered rationality or instrumental rationality. In the network society environment the demerits of this theory can hardly be eliminated by simple mending, and hence new theoretical resources are needed. The concept of communicative rationality, proposed by Habermas, is the most feasible theoretical basement to reconstruct the idea of journalistic professionalism.

The accelerated development of many new technologies and applications such as metaverse and artificial intelligence not only highlights many problems and contradictions between people, technology and society, but also has a subversive impact on the information dissemination structure of the current society. The new media research in 2022, in response to the above- mentioned problems, has carried out in-depth thinking and exploration at different levels such as social practice, technical philosophy and ethics. This paper summarizes the themes of new media-related research papers in core journals of journalism and communication in 2022, and extracts five major topics: metaverse research, embodied communication research, digital human and social robot research, human-machine communication research, health code And data research, and give a brief review by category, in order to provide some reference and reference for relevant researchers through this limited sorting and integration.

Human pursuits better communication tool and more effective signs. For example, a common language all over the world would avoid much trouble in communication. But the reality is not optimistic. According to the logic of ideal symbol theory, any language could not replace the different natural language we are using now. In a sense, human has their common language in different ways.

Polarization is a key problem in the study of group interaction. In order to explore the mechanism of public opinion polarization, this paper takes typical events in the COVID-19 epidemic as an example, integrates various computational methods, analyzes the polarization phenomenon from the perspectives of ideological positions, emotion, attention and other paths, and examines the mechanism of selective exposure and its influencing factors. The research found that public opinion topics are constantly changing, but the public has a preference for homogeneous and popular content, and the public attention is dominated by a single topic in the short term. Behind the change in topic is the clash of liberalism, populism and statism positions. The popularity and ideology of information have different influences on the selective exposure mechanism. The statism will strengthen this mechanism and show the effect of social integration, while the liberalism and populism will weaken this mechanism and seize the discourse space to strengthen itself. Finally, the intensity of selective exposure can predict short-term changes in public attention, which is of great significance for understanding how the process of information transmission affects the evolution of macro public opinion.

This article takes the JA Guild of HY Livestreaming Platform as its case study and adopts the research methods of participatory observation and semi-structured interviews. It reveals that the labour process of e-sports anchors, as a new professional group, is controlled by the dual “data logic” of game contests and livestreaming. Consequently, the e-sports livestreaming becomes “data labour” that aims at meeting the demands of multiple data production, as the result of the application of “the traffic first principle” in the platform economy. The better the data performance of e-sports anchors, the more stable their labour relations are and the more secure their income is. However, it will be more likely that they fall into the predicaments of “deskilling” and “the hollowing-out of playfulness.” In addition to the suspension of livestreaming or job change as well as the re-creation and delivery of livestreaming videos on multiple online platforms, to form an “interest-based community” between anchors and the operating team behind them, built on both their common interests and emotions, serves as an effective acting strategy to help anchors get rid of the predicaments aforementioned. It is suggested that in the platform economy, the “data logic” is becoming a way of labour control, with a high degree of rigor, concealment and deceit, which exacerbates the asymmetry in the power relationship between online platforms and labourers. The emergence of “data labour” is closely connected to the global boom and expansion of “digital Taylorism.”

With the “algorithmic turn” of cultural production, the competition between content producers and information intermediary platforms around the algorithmic visibility constitutes the practice of “algorithm game”. Based on discourse analysis, this paper critically probes discourses of “algorithm game” and practices of platform paternalism. The moral framework of “traffic devaluation” is formed in China. It consists of three themes: opposition, ecology and cooperation. As a result, the information intermediary platform is shaped as a paternalistic role, formulating and enforcing the authority in the field of cultural production. Platform paternalism interweaves with political power and technology myth through the three mechanisms of self-discipline, transplantation and dominance, potentially widening the power disparity between not only the platform and content producers, but also the content producers of different classes.

Online rumors and cyber-bullying both are identifed as a widespread, persistent, and serious problem, raising both social and educational concerns. Moreover, a current trend shows that there may is relationship between them. More cyber-bullying is provoked by online rumors. This phenomenon leads to precarious consciousness towards the cyber eco-ethics. This study uses CSS(Computational social science) method to investigate the effects of online rumors on cyber-bullying, and to generate a theoretical model and mechanism to explain how online rumors in?uences cyber-bullying. Results reveal that:1.There're signifcant relation between online rumors and cyber bullying. And the association between them is mediated through moral judgment. 2. The negative moral reasoning and moral emotion indices implied in the rumors are input factors, which generate severe moral condemnation and then give rise to cyber-bullying. 3. Moreover, several signifcant shared predictors, such as moral emotion, moral disengagement, were identified as important factors in the model for designing effective prevention and intervention programs. The Practical implications of the fndings for future intervention, into encourage a healthy web ecosystem, were brie?y discussed.

In order to eliminate the stereotyped idea concerning communication semiotics, this paper tries to describe three important trends of communication semiotics since the 1980s, which are the integration of communication studies and semiotics, the resurgence of oriental wisdom, and the interdisciplinary convergence of communication semiotics with applied social sciences and natural science. These three trends may bring about important influence on the development of semiotics in the future.

Health communication as a sub-area of communication research has received growing attention because of its close relationship with personal life and its significant social impact. However the current research on health communication in China is still in the preliminary stage, and scholars tend to describe phenomena of health communication, analyze individual cases, and summarize the general characteristics of health communication. Therefore, we argue that the empirical studies should be informed by related theoretical framework, and explore the important factors that influence dissemination of health information and health- related behaviors; identify the changes in attitudes, behavior and moral values brought by health communication and analyze the interactions among individuals and society. Health communication research should apply innovative theories and research methods to enhance the understanding of the impact of psychological and social factors on perception, attitude and behaviors relating to health communication. This article explains how the theoretical and measurement models could be used for specific research project of health communication and provides examples of theory application to the studies of health communication. The outcomes of health communication are expected to answer key research questions arising in the process and contribute new knowledge to the field.

This paper studies the WeChat usage based on TAM (Technology Acceptance Model). It tests the hypothesis by unstructured in-depth interviews with 20 demographically-different interviewees. In order to verify the hypothesis further, it surveys a random sampling of 1200 with 973 valid samples. It finally testifies the research hypothesis and further points out that information overload and information security are the limiting factors of WeChat usage.

Affordance, a pivotal concept in media studies, has lost its kernel during the appropriation in communication studies, which showcases the complexity of grasping its original and nuanced complications. Teasing out its origins and contexts, this paper examines the junctures of appropriation to delineate the paradigm shift and conceptual translation behind it, which draws our attention to the mistranslation “Kegongxing”. This paper proposes the term “Shineng” to replace it. As an interdisciplinary concept, “Shineng” highlights trifold properties, including embodiment, materiality, and object-subject’s symmetry, serving as a possible way-out for the predicaments of media studies as such and an advantageous pinpoint for the shift and reconstitution of communication studies as a whole.

In recent years, the popularity of male anchors has continued to rise, and traditional gaze theories are unable to explain the new trends in webcasting. This article proposes a new paradigm of gaze for live webcasts based on the big data analysis of Douyu’s anchors. We found that the “male gaze” has changed in the “panopticon” constructed by the bullet screen. The audience,as the monitor, disciplines anchors through the definition of the “others” and the support of capital power, and anchors are active to accept it. The audience’s attention to the anchors’ body is symbolized and divided. The gender boundary of peeking and possession begain to blur, the shackles of the binary opposition between men and women are breaking gradually, and “male sex consumption” is growing.

In the context of the rapid growth of the application scale of virtual reality technology, it is of great significance to explore the dynamic interactive mechanism between user-embodied experience and knowledge cognition in the context of 360-degree knowledge short video to effectively improve its communication effect. Based on embodied cognition theory, this study constructs a coding framework from two dimensions of embodied experience and video content cognition of users. On this basis, cognitive network analysis is used to encode the data and construct the user cognitive network. The correlation between different cognitive elements is analyzed by taking the bullet-chatting released by users of 360-degree knowledge short videos on Bilibili website as the data source. The dynamic evolution of user cognitive network is explored. It is found that users’ cognitive experience is related to cognition of video content. There is a highest relationship between the participation, presence in cognitive experience and focus on the plot, and outcome in content cognization. Users’ cognitive network differs at different times. In the learning process, users significantly enhance the focus on deep content cognitive elements and the invocation of embodied experience. The depth and complexity of cognitive nodes association gradually increase, reflecting the continuous improvement of user cognitive construction in the process of 360-degree video viewing.

Platform affordances studies focus excessively on how media technologies provide roles for humans, ignoring diversified agents and their complicated relationship network, and overlooking the action logic in specific media ecology system. This study reflects on and transcends the theoretical framework of imagined affordances. Through participatory observation and in-depth interviews with MCNs and people in the MCN occupation, we examine the “two-way connection” relationship between MCNs and live streaming platforms with the progressive logic of “rule visibility- temporal order manipulation-emotional subjectivity”. This study imagines the logic of industry rules through the angle of the “other”, constructs the industry practice of “dependent/ active” MCNs and the emotional subjectivity of practitioners, and focuses on the emotional experience and survival situation of individual practitioners in the live streaming industry. It is found that platforms constrain MCNs in terms of content selection standards and censorship; the manipulation of time order by platforms regulates the content production process of MCNs; and the positive or negative emotional expressions of MCN practitioners are the complex emotional projections of individuals on the survival situation in live streaming platforms. In the “two-way connection” relationship, live streaming platforms and MCNs generate meaningful space for each other and build a unique online live streaming ecology in China. Finally, this study also offers reflections on future research on imagined affordances theory.

On the base of the new information technology and app’s innovation with digitization, intelligentization and virtualization as its core, the new media shows an obvious trend of virtual and real mixture, human-computer interaction and platform orientation. The new media research in 2021 has made an in-depth exploration and reflection on the new trend that have led to some issues including man and media, virtuality and reality, platform and governance. This paper summarizes five major topics from the new media research in 2021, namely, new relationship between man and media, algorithm research, social platform, digital labor as well as social media. By sorting out the current research and making a brief comment on them, the article can provide useful reference for related researchers.

  This study aims to examine the mediating effect of political involvement variables on the impact of the presidential debate based upon the political psychology model ,We also set the two groups of students into comparison to explore the instinct influence between Taiwan and Mainland college students by considering the social and political context. It is found that the political knowledge, partisanship, and discussion play significant roles in mediating the effect of the presidential debate. In terms of the mainland group, political knowledge played the most significant part. Those who know less about Taiwan politics are more easily persuasive to the presidential debate. Meanwhile, political discussion and partisanship show their notable impacts on the Taiwan group. For the ones who are lack of political participation or political discussion, they are more easily affected to change their votes since they are more vulnerable to the debate.

By combining the related literature, this article reviews the concepts and history of academic research of Media Anthropology. On this basis, it also summarizes some theoretical angles of view relevant to Anthropology of media and strives to present a more comprehensive and clearer knowledge picture of Media Anthropology.