运动理论从政体特征或央地博弈出发，对自上而下的运动式治理方式进行解释。本文借助这一理论视角，对党的历史上三次假新闻治理事件进行系统梳理，结合其所嵌入的政治背景，发现在不同时期，治理假新闻分别具有推进土地改革、肃清“四人帮”余毒走出“文化大革命”阴影，以及加强对市场化媒体和新媒体平台文化领导权的意义。新闻实践与观念具有互相建构关系，三次反假新闻运动既体现出治理者对纯净新闻舆论环境和纯正政治德性的要求，表现了运动理论所指出的“革命教化政体”的道德使命感和追求“超常绩效”的特点，也解释了国家通过开展反假新闻运动实现合法性再生产的制度动力。

Movement theory demonstrates particular strength in explicating top-down campaign-style governance, with analytical focus on regime characteristics and the dynamics of central-local interactions. Leveraging this theoretical framework, this study contextualizes and systematically examines three historical cases of fake news governance. By embedding these cases within their respective political movement contexts, this paper contends that fake news governance assumed distinct historical significances across different periods: first, facilitating the advancement of radical land reform; second, eradicating the residual influences of the “Gang of Four” to break free from the shadow of the Cultural Revolution; and third, imposing rigorous ideological discipline on market-oriented media and new media platforms. Journalistic practice and concept have a mutually constitutive relationship. These three fake news governance campaigns not only reflect the governing entities’ pursuit of a purified journalistic and public opinion sphere, as well as uncompromising political integrity, but also embody two core tenets of movement theory: the revolutionary-educational regime’s inherent moral mission and its pursuit of extraordinary performance. Furthermore, this analysis sheds light on the institutional impetus that underpins the state’s efforts to achieve the reproduction of legitimacy through the initiation of anti-fake news campaigns.