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国际传播的“另类想象”:基于媒介基础设施探究全球传播——与尼克尔·斯塔罗塞尔斯基的学术访谈
陆国亮, 唐昕韵
国际新闻界 ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (11) : 163-176.
PDF(1629 KB)
PDF(1629 KB)
国际传播的“另类想象”:基于媒介基础设施探究全球传播——与尼克尔·斯塔罗塞尔斯基的学术访谈
‘Alternative Imagination’ of International Communication: How to Explore Global Communication through Media Infrastructures: An Academic Interview with Nicole Starosielski
在本土国际传播研究中,主流研究较多聚焦于文本、受众、效果,甚少关注国际传播的物质基底,这实则内藏着一种“非物质性迷思”。事实上,国际传播长期以来都与海底电缆、人造卫星、数据中心等媒介基础设施密切关联。尽管这些媒介基础设施甚少在日常生活得到关注,但若运行失常,人们惯常的网络交流都难以实现。有鉴于此,在近年来的“物质性转向”思潮影响下,海底电缆、人造卫星等媒介基础设施逐渐见诸于本土国际传播研究,但此类研究目前仍较为“碎片化”,在研究方法、理论概念等方面仍存在一系列迷思。对此,本文邀请媒介基础设施与全球传播相关研究的国际知名学者尼克尔·斯塔罗塞尔斯基,探讨媒介基础设施与国际传播研究的关联、相关研究方法、理论概念、分析路径,借此为在物质层面寻觅国际传播的“另类想象”提供新思路。
In local international communication studies, the mainstream research focuses more on texts, audiences, and effects, and less on the material substrate of international communication, which in fact conceals an “immaterial myth”. In fact, international communication has long been closely associated with media infrastructures such as submarine cables, artificial satellites, and data centers. Although these media infrastructures receive little attention in daily life, many of the usual online communications are difficult to achieve if they do not function properly. In view of this, under the influence of the “materiality turn” in recent years, media infrastructures such as submarine cables and artificial satellites have gradually appeared in local international communication research, but such research is still fragmented, and a series of myths still exist in terms of research methods and theoretical concepts. In this regard, we invited Nicole Starosielski, an internationally renowned researcher on media infrastructure and global communication, to conduct an academic interview. The interview focuses on the connection between media infrastructures and international communication research, related research methods, theoretical concepts, and analytical paths, in order to provide new ideas for the search of "alternative imagination" of international communication at the material level.
国际传播 / 尼克尔·斯塔罗塞尔斯基 / 媒介基础设施 / 另类想象
international communication / Nicole Starosielski / media infrastructure / alternative imagination
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The transition of sea power from the battleship-dominated Royal Navy of the First World War to the carrier-dominated United States Navy of the Second is a much discussed topic in current historiography. This article investigates a small but important part of that transition, elements of which have been previously researched but where important connections have not been made and where, in current British historiography, the full picture has perhaps been hidden behind the achievements of one man – Guglielmo Marconi. The contribution of wireless to the transition of sea power had its roots in the immediate aftermath of the First World War. This research reveals that it involved a somewhat clandestine effort by the United States Navy to undermine British dominance in global communications, at that time based on submarine cables. It reveals how Britain's imperial obligations and a post-war need for greater control over their communications by Britain's colonies also contributed to undermining the Royal Navy position. By a thorough review and new interpretations of existing historiography, plus some additional archive material, this work identifies connections between geography, economics, technology and political will that were key in the United States Navy attaining a superior post-war position in wireless technology. It shows how these connections enabled the United States Navy to benefit from Marconi's discovery of the practical use of short-wave radio.
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This article describes thermal vision, the ways of seeing invisible thermal emissions and exchanges. While most studies of thermal vision have focused on the deployment of infrared imaging in military and police operations, the author articulates thermal vision as a perceptual mode that both extends beyond the infrared camera to a broader set of practices of seeing heat as well as beyond the militarized view to scientific, commercial, and cultural landscapes. Weaving through these practices and landscapes, she outlines four overlapping ways that thermal vision is oriented and in turn organizes the world: through thermal effects, hue, objects, and zones. Focusing on the latter form, and taking cases from early infrared photography in the 1930s and the expansion of building thermography in the 1970s, she argues that the thermal imagery used for visual surveillance, often as a means of objectification and targeting, is intimately connected to regimes of environmental monitoring and the creation and management of normative zones. A close attention to these cases draws out one of thermal vision's critical affordances and cultural uses, regardless of technological platform or orientation: entangled with practices of temperature control and synesthetic processing, it has been enlisted to alter architectures, environments, and bodily movements through them. Observing these uses expands visual culture studies' understanding of the sensory possibilities of the visible and helps scholars to track the affective and intimate dimensions of climate change.
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1. 研究者基于中国知网数据(以“国际传播”为关键词,搜索范围限定在“2021-2023”“CSSCI期刊”“新闻与传媒”),使用知识图谱可视化软件“CiteSpace”对865篇相关文献进行关键词分析,最终得到前十关键词为:“国际传播”“国家形象”“对外传播”“中国故事”“媒体融合”“战略传播”“话语体系”“中华文化”“社交媒体”“新时代”。
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