本文以可行能力为理论视角分析农村信息分化状况，根据信息能力和信息意识将农村居民分为四种类型：作为信息穷人的“滞后者”、作为信息富人的“领先者”、处于中层的“觉醒者”和“蛮干者”，并重点探讨政府支持的影响效应。研究发现，农村居民内部信息分化严重，“哑铃状”结构明显。中西部农村居民互联网相关能力差，信息获取经济意志低，要持续供给公益性信息服务，增加“数字软实力”。同时，“一对一”帮扶可有效改善信息贫困，信息服务有助于跨越式发展，“政策熟悉度”带来显著的持续性影响。人员、机构与政策支持嵌入农民的“信息小世界”时，可有效改善信息贫困。“可行信息能力”是“信息脱贫”内生动力的直接体现，需重视多维信息困境，加强政府柔性支持。

The purpose of this study is to shed light on the information divide between residents in rural China under the perspective of information capabilities. According to information ability and information consciousness, rural residents are divided into four types: the “lag” as the information- poor, the “leader” as the information-rich, the “awakened” and the “unconscious” at the middle level. And the article focuses on the effects of the government support. The study found that with regards to the information divide among rural residents, these four types are distributed in a dumbbell shape, which means that the information-poor and the information-rich are further differentiated. And Internet-related capabilities are the weakest of rural residents’ information capabilities. In terms of willingness to obtain information, rural residents have high psychological will, but low economic will. Therefore, it is necessary to provide public information services to increase “digital soft power”. Through multiple logistic regression, “one-to-one” personnel assistance can effectively alleviate information poverty. In addition, information services can help leapfrog development from the information-poor to the information-rich, while “policy familiarity” has a significant lasting impact. That means information poverty can be effectively improved while personnel support, institutional support and policy support are embedded in rural residents’ “small worlds”. Altogether, information capabilities directly reflect the endogenous motivation of “information poverty alleviation”. It is necessary to pay attention to the multi-dimensional information dilemma and strengthen soft government support.