PDF(1571 KB)
PDF(1571 KB)
PDF(1571 KB)
在线互助论坛中如何获得社会支持：结构化社会资本与礼貌原则的影响
How to Obtain Social Support in Online Support Forums? The Effects of Structural Social Capital and Politeness Principle
在线互助论坛塑造了一种全新的信息交流与意义交换的公共空间。在此嵌入式的虚拟社区内，用户共享集体身份，为某种共同目标所驱动，并在与他人的动态互动中累积社会资本，建构自身的话语策略。基于从网页抓取的在线抑郁症互助论坛公开数据，本研究建立了论坛内用户的回帖关系网络，力图从社会资本的结构性与建构性两个层面共同讨论用户在此场域内的交流互动。一方面，用户间讨论话题或集中于疾病信息的传递，或侧重于情感层面的沟通，而两种讨论的议题特性与用户可摄取的资源间存在关联：同参与信息讨论的用户相比，参与情感讨论的用户拥有更多的黏连社会资本与桥接社会资本，同时前者的回复分布较之后者更为偏态，资源更为集中。另一方面，用户建构自身求助话语的方式展现着其认知与心理过程，而这与他们所获得的社会支持间存在着显著关联：发帖中的非正式语言使用正向预测收到回复的数量；发帖中体现认知加工程度的语言使用与第一人称复数代词的使用正向预测收到回复的平均长度，而非正式词语的使用和情感正向性负向预测收到回复的平均长度。本研究为在线互助小组或论坛用户寻求支持和帮助提供了实际指导，也为我国推动“互联网+医疗”的发展目标提供参考。
Online support forum creates a public sphere for exchanging information and meaning. In these embedded virtual communities, users share collective identities and are driven by the same goals. They accumulate social capital through dynamic interactions with each other, and, in turn, construct their own discourses for seeking social support. Based on web-scraped data from an online depression forum, this study generated the network of users’ replies, aiming to investigate their communication and interactions in this social field through the lens of both structural and constructed social capital. On the one hand, users’ discussions either focus on information about depression, or expressions of emotions and feelings, the topics of which were found to be associated with their social capital: Compared with users in the information-based discussion, users in emotion-based discussion possessed more bonding and bridging social capital; the reply distribution in the information-based discussion was more skewed than that in the emotion-based discussion. On the other hand, the language people used when seeking support represented their psychological and cognitive process, and was found to be associated with the volume and quality of received social support: The use of informal language in the posts was positively associated with the number of users’ received replies; the use of first-person plural pronouns and words reflecting cognitive processing positively predicted the average length of received replies, while the use of informal words and the posts’ emotional positivity were negatively associated with the average length of received replies. This study not only offers practical guidance for users seeking support in online support groups or forums, but also promotes the development of China’s “Internet plus Health Care” campaign.
在线互助论坛 / 支持性传播 / 基于信息的讨论 / 基于情感的讨论 / 礼貌原则
online support forums / supportive communication / information-based discussion / emotion-based discussion / politeness principle
| [1] |
陈红梅(2005). 网络传播与社会困难群体——“肝胆相照”个案研究. 《新闻大学》,(2),61-65.
|
| [2] |
陈云松(2020). 《关系社会资本新论》. 北京: 中国人民大学出版社.
|
| [3] |
范昊, 张玉晨, 吴川徽(2021). 网络健康社区中健康信息传播网络及主题特征研究. 《情报科学》,(1),4-12+32.
|
| [4] |
宫贺(2016). 公共健康话语网络的两种形态与关键影响者的角色:社会网络分析的路径. 《国际新闻界》,(12),110-133.
|
| [5] |
刘璇, 汪林威, 李嘉, 张朋柱(2017). 在线健康社区中用户回帖行为影响机理研究. 《管理科学》,(1),62-72.
|
| [6] |
刘瑛, 孙阳(2011). 弱势群体网络虚拟社区的社会支持研究——以乙肝论坛“肝胆相照”为例. 《新闻与传播研究》,(2),76-88+111-112.
|
| [7] |
邵双, 刘芬, 袁玉婷, 杨中华(2014). 我国在线医疗信息服务平台现状分析——以39健康网、寻医问药网和好大夫在线为例. 《现代商贸工业》,(7),162-164.
|
| [8] |
施亦龙, 许鑫(2015). 中美在线问答社区中的自闭症信息分析. 《中华医学图书情报杂志》,(4),5-8+31.
|
| [9] |
宋晓龙(2015). 《在线健康社区的病患用户社交关系及竞争行为研究》.哈尔滨工业大学管理学博士学位论文.黑龙江.
|
| [10] |
唐晓琳, 余世英, 吴江(2016). 基于URL共现分析的医疗健康类网站竞争态势研究. 《情报杂志》,(4),98-104+120.
|
| [11] |
王国华, 刘菊, 杨腾飞, 钟声扬, 魏程瑞(2015). 网络空间中艾滋病的社会支持研究——以百度贴吧“HIV吧”为例. 《情报杂志》,(11),105-110.
|
| [12] |
吴江, 李姗姗, 周露莎, 施立, 陈君(2017). 基于随机行动者模型的在线医疗社区用户关系网络动态演化研究. 《情报学报》, 36(2),213-220.
|
| [13] |
徐淑颖, 王文韬, 张俊婷, 谢阳群, 陈伟(2018). 考虑社交关系强度的虚拟健康社区用户信息传播行为研究. 《大学图书情报学刊》,(6),3-9+27.
|
| [14] |
翟羽佳, 张鑫, 王芳(2017). 在线健康社区中的用户参与行为——以“百度戒烟吧”为例. 《图书情报工作》,(7),75-82.
|
| [15] |
赵栋祥(2018). 国内在线健康社区研究现状综述. 《图书情报工作》,(9),134-142.
|
| [16] |
周涛, 王盈颖, 邓胜利(2020). 基于社会资本理论的在线健康社区用户参与行为研究. 《信息资源管理学报》,(2),59-67+129.
|
| [17] |
苏春艳(2015). 当“患者”成为“行动者”:新媒体时代的医患互动研究. 《国际新闻界》,(11),48-63.
|
| [18] |
张迪, 古俊生, 邵若斯(2015). 健康信息获取渠道的聚类分析:主动获取与被动接触. 《国际新闻界》,(5),81-93.
|
| [19] |
Cyberspace has become a common social environment in which people interact and operate in many ways. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the occurrence and reciprocity of self-disclosure, two subjects that are extensively studied in face-to-face interactions but only to a limited degree in virtual, computer-mediated, textual communication. Data was based on 240 first messages in a thread, sampled in equal numbers from six Internet forums (three discussion and three support groups), and written in equal numbers by each gender, and 240 first responses to them (a total of 480 forum messages). Trained, expert judges blindly rated each message on the degree to which it disclosed personal information, thoughts, and feelings. Linguistic parameters (total number of words and number of first-voice words) were also used as dependent variables. Results showed the following: (a) self-disclosure in support forums was much higher than in discussion forums, in terms of both total number and type of disclosure; (b) messages in support forums were longer and included more first-voice words than in discussion forums; (c) there were no gender differences interacting with level of self-disclosure; (d) reciprocity of self-disclosure was evident, yielding positive correlations between the measures of self-disclosure in messages and responses to them; (e) some differences appeared in level of reciprocity of self-disclosure between male and female participants, with female respondents tending to be more reciprocal than male respondents. The implications of these results are discussed in light of growing social interactions online, and possible applications are suggested.
|
| [20] |
|
| [21] |
|
| [22] |
|
| [23] |
The authors investigated how word use in a stressful narrative is related to levels of grief and intrusive and avoidant thinking associated with the stressful event. A total of 218 college students who had experienced the breakup of a romantic relationship during the preceding 12 months produced a written narrative of the relationship and subsequent breakup using an expressive writing procedure. Participants used more negative emotion, cause, sensory, and first person singular words when describing the breakup in comparison to describing the period when they were still dating. In addition, greater avoidance of the breakup predicted greater use of negative emotion, first person singular and third-person pronouns, and less use of cognitive words. Conversely, levels of grief predicted less use of causal words and greater use of first person singular pronouns. The authors argue that use of cognitive words reflect an active search for meaning and understanding of the stressful event.
|
| [24] |
|
| [25] |
|
| [26] |
As telecommunication networks become more common, there is an increasing interest in the factors underlying the development of online social structures. It has been proposed that these structures are new forms of organizing which are not subject to the same constraints as traditional social structures. However, from anecdotal evidence and case studies it is difficult to evaluate whether online social structures are subject to the same problems as traditional social structures. Drawing from prior studies of traditional social structures and empirical analyses of longitudinal data from a sample of Internet-based groups, this exploratory work considers the role of size and communication activity in sustainable online social structures.
|
| [27] |
|
| [28] |
|
| [29] |
In five studies, the authors examined the effects on cognitive performance of coherence and incoherence between conceptual and experiential sources of affective information. The studies crossed the priming of happy and sad concepts with affective experiences. In different experiments, these included approach or avoidance actions, happy or sad feelings, and happy or sad expressive behaviors. In all studies, coherence between affective concepts and affective experiences led to better recall of a story than did affective incoherence. The authors suggest that the experience of such experiential affective cues serves as evidence of the appropriateness of affective concepts that come to mind. The results suggest that affective coherence has epistemic benefits and that incoherence is costly in terms of cognitive performance.(c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved.
|
| [30] |
The diaries of 1,084 U.S. users of an on-line journaling service were downloaded for a period of 4 months spanning the 2 months prior to and after the September 11 attacks. Linguistic analyses of the journal entries revealed pronounced psychological changes in response to the attacks. In the short term, participants expressed more negative emotions, were more cognitively and socially engaged, and wrote with greater psychological distance. After 2 weeks, their moods and social referencing returned to baseline, and their use of cognitive-analytic words dropped below baseline. Over the next 6 weeks, social referencing decreased, and psychological distancing remained elevated relative to baseline. Although the effects were generally stronger for individuals highly preoccupied with September 11, even participants who hardly wrote about the events showed comparable language changes. This study bypasses many of the methodological obstacles of trauma research and provides a fine-grained analysis of the time line of human coping with upheaval.
|
| [31] |
|
| [32] |
|
| [33] |
Although there is an increasing amount of research on support-seeking in cyberspace, very little is known about what features of online support-seeking can enhance the quality of received support. The present experiment examined how support-seekers’ use of cues to personal identity in their user profile can influence the level of person-centeredness and politeness in others’ responses to their support-seeking postings. Results showed that support-seekers whose user profile contained a portrait picture and a first name ID tended to receive higher person-centered and more polite support messages than support-seekers whose user profile did not contain those cues to personal identity.
|
| [34] |
|
| [35] |
|
| [36] |
|
| [37] |
|
| [38] |
|
| [39] |
|
| [40] |
|
| [41] |
This study examined relationships between cognitive and emotional processing with changes in pain and depression among intimate partner violence survivors. Twenty-five women who wrote about their most traumatic experiences completed measures of pain and depressive symptoms before the first writing session and again 4 months following the last writing session. Reduced pain was significantly associated with less use of positive and negative emotion words. Relationships between cognitive and emotional aspects of writing with changes in depressive symptoms fell short of statistical significance. The results suggest that emotional processing in narrative writing predicts changes in pain in intimate partner violence survivors.
|
| [42] |
Several hypotheses derived from P. Brown and Levinson's (1987) politeness theory were tested with Ss from the United States and Korea. Ss imagined themselves in situations in which they were to make a request. They then indicated exactly what they would say in each situation and what their perceptions of the request size, the hearer's power, and the closeness of their relationship with the hearer were. Consistent with P. Brown and Levinson's theory, power, distance, and size contributed significantly to politeness. Significant predictor variable interactions suggested that an additive model is not appropriate. Finally, there was evidence of cultural and gender differences in the weighting of these predictor variables. These differences can partially account for cultural and gender differences in language use.
|
| [43] |
|
| [44] |
|
| [45] |
|
| [46] |
|
| [47] |
|
| [48] |
|
| [49] |
|
| [50] |
|
| [51] |
|
| [52] |
This experimental study examined how depth of self-disclosure (baseline, peripheral, core) in support-seeking posts influenced forum viewers’ interaction involvement and reciprocal self-disclosure in their responses. A series of competing hypotheses derived from several theoretical frameworks were tested. Results obtained from computerized text analyses showed that self-concept self-disclosure was associated with higher levels of interaction involvement and reciprocal self-disclosure in viewers’ response messages. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.
|
| [53] |
Adopting a social network analysis approach, the present study examined social capital and network dynamics of online support seeking and support provision in a depression forum. We constructed a depression forum network by mapping out all of the users and the reply ties among them. The findings showed a consistently reciprocal pattern between users' replies sent to others and replies received from others. Forum users' bridging social capital was positively associated with the source diversity of their received replies and negatively associated with the average length of their received replies. Furthermore, forum users' bonding social capital was positively associated with the average length of their received replies and negatively associated with the source diversity of their received replies.
|
| [54] |
|
| [55] |
|
| [56] |
|
| [57] |
|
| [58] |
|
| [59] |
We investigated first-person plural pronoun use (we-talk) by health-compromised smokers and their spouses as a possible implicit marker of adaptive, problem-resolving communal processes. Twenty couples in which one or both partners used tobacco despite one of them having a heart or lung problem participated in up to 10 sessions of a smoking cessation intervention designed to promote communal coping, where partners define smoking as "our" problem, rather than "your" problem or "my" problem, and take collaborative action to solve it. We used the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count automatic text analysis program to tabulate first-person pronoun use by both partners from transcripts of a pretreatment marital interaction task and later intervention sessions. Results indicated that pretreatment we-talk by the patient's spouse predicted whether the patient remained abstinent 12 months after quitting, and residualized change in we-talk by both partners during the course of intervention (controlling for baseline levels) predicted cessation outcomes as well. These findings add to evidence regarding the prognostic significance of partner we-talk for patient health and provide preliminary documentation of communal coping as a possible mechanism of change in couple-focused intervention.© FPI, Inc.
|
| [60] |
|
| [61] |
Expressed emotion (EE) has been linked to negative outcomes for a variety of psychiatric illnesses. Despite development of effective interventions to reduce EE, relatively little is known about EE's antecedents or maintaining factors. The present study uses a novel methodology (measurement of pronouns used by relatives during the Camberwell Family Interview [CFI] or a problem-solving interaction with the patient) to explore possible cognitive correlates of EE. Participants were 98 outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder or panic disorder with agoraphobia and their primary relative. Results showed that relatives' pronoun use was stable across situations. Relatives' hostility and criticism, as measured by objective coding of relatives' behavior during the CFI and interactions, respectively, were related to relatives' decreased we-focus and increased me-focus in the 2 situations. In contrast to expectations, relatives' emotional overinvolvement was related to their decreased we-focus during CFIs and interactions. Results support the value of using pronouns as a means to explore important aspects of relationship functioning.
|
| [62] |
|
| [63] |
|
| [64] |
We are in the midst of a technological revolution whereby, for the first time, researchers can link daily word use to a broad array of real-world behaviors. This article reviews several computerized text analysis methods and describes how Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) was created and validated. LIWC is a transparent text analysis program that counts words in psychologically meaningful categories. Empirical results using LIWC demonstrate its ability to detect meaning in a wide variety of experimental settings, including to show attentional focus, emotionality, social relationships, thinking styles, and individual differences.
|
| [65] |
\r\nThere have been growing concerns regarding the potential impact of social media on democracy and public debate. While some theorists have claimed that ICTs and social media would bring about a new independent public sphere and increase exposure to political divergence, others have warned that they would lead to polarization through the formation of echo chambers. The issue of social media echo chambers is both crucial and widely debated. This article attempts to provide a comprehensive account of the scientific literature on this issue, shedding light on the different approaches, their similarities, differences, benefits, and drawbacks, and offering a consolidated and critical perspective that can hopefully support future research in this area. Concretely, it presents the results of a systematic review of 55 studies investigating the existence of echo chambers on social media, providing a first classification of the literature and identifying patterns across the studies’ foci, methods and findings. We found that conceptual and methodological choices influence the results of research on this issue. Most importantly, articles that found clear evidence of echo chambers on social media were all based on digital trace data. In contrast, those that found no evidence were all based on self-reported data. Future studies should take into account the possible biases of the different approaches and the significant potential of combining self-reported data with digital trace data.\r\n
|
| [66] |
|
1. 基于信息的讨论包含以下子论坛：Abilify（aripiprazole），Celexa（citalopram）/Lexapro（escitalopram），Cymbalta （duloxetine），Effexor（venlafaxine）/Pristiq（desvenlafaxine），Latuda（lurasidone），Paxil/Seroxat（paroxetine），Prozac（fluoxetine），Remeron（mirtazapine），Viibryd（vilazodone），Wellbutrin（bupropion），Zoloft/Lustral（sertraline），Other Depression and Anxiety Medications，Medications：Posting, asking and sharing。基于情感的讨论包含以下子论坛：The Relationship and Depression Forum，Depression and Families，The Depression and Religion Forum，Gay，Lesbian，Bi-sexual and Transgender Issues，Bullying：Emotional and Physical Abuse，Mental illness and stigma：Coping with the ridicule，Therapy。
2. 接近中心性：接近中心性被定义为网络距离（farness）的倒数，网络中x点的接近中心性等于x到其他所有点y的距离的和的倒数，可以用以下公式表示（Bavelas，
3. 中介中心性：假设g是行动者s到行动者t通过i的最短举例的路径数，n是行动者s到行动者t的最短距离的总数，那么中介中心度可以用以下公式表示（Newman，
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
