聊天机器人的出现使人机交互行为（human-machine interaction）进化到“对话模 式”，这也激发了人们对于人机之间进行无障碍交流的期待。然而，如果对人类交流的 本质稍加分析，不难发现，聊天机器人由于缺乏肉身而无法产生共情，也无法对人类日 常生活经验产生存在论意义上的理解。人与机器在物性上的差异是绝对的，这意味着两 者之间很难实现完美沟通。不过，作为一种高效率的智能化工具，聊天机器人能够满足 人类对于技术服务的刚性需求，其应用和发展前景都极为广阔。考虑到人工智能所带来 的伦理安全风险及社会后果，人们应该尽量避免卷入与机器之间的深度社会情感关系， 更多地专注于其工具性服务功能。因此，人们应该在技术迷思中认清现实和梦想的差 异，并结合预期风险防控而选择聊天机器人的可持续发展路径，由此重启人机对话的新 篇章。

The advance of chatbots is evolving the human-machine interaction into the conversational mode, which has also stimulated people’s expectation of barrier-free communication between human and machine. However, when analyzing the essence of human communication, it is not diffcult to fnd that chatbots are unable to develop empathy due to their lack of physical bodies, nor to develop an ontological understanding of the everyday experiences of human beings. The distinct physical differences between human and machine means that angelic communication between them would be barely possible. However, as an intelligent tool with high efficiency, chatbots can satisfy people’s strong demand for technical services, and its application and development prospects are extremely broad. Considering the ethical safety risks and social consequences brought by artificial intelligence, people should try their best to avoid getting involved in the deep social emotional relationship with machines and focus more on their instrumental service functions. Therefore, by recognizing the differences between ideal and reality within the technology myths, people can choose the best way of developing chatbots based on the expected risk prevention and control, and restart the new chapter of human-machine communication.