1870-1890年代的新闻话语中，“体例”是一个常见表达，主要指涉办报活动的原 则或规范。围绕“体例”的长期论辩，彼时中文报刊构筑了一套实践中的新闻伦理观 念。以《申报》为中心，论文试图理清19世纪新闻伦理的内涵、成因及历史意义。《申 报》反复言说的“体例”包含了新式报刊向社会做出的种种道德声明，是一个松散但丰 富的、关乎实践正当性的观念集合体。它阐述了报业的价值关怀、行动职责、操作规范 及从业者品德等，“公开”“公正”和“事实”是其核心追求。读者质疑、当事人申 辩、官员干预、同行竞争等日常实践中普遍存在的互动关系，是促使其被频繁提出并反 复辨析的动因。19世纪伦理观是近代新闻伦理讨论的起点，它初步明确了作为公共话语 的报业活动的道德要求。

In the discourse of journalism in 1870-1890, “ti li” (rules of newspaper) was a common expression, which referred to the principles or norms of newspaper operation. Chinese newspapers built a set of ideas on journalism ethics in practice around the prolonged argument for “rules of newspaper”. Centered on Shun Pao, this paper tries to clarify the connotation, causes and historical significance of journalism ethics in 19th century. The “rules of newspaper” reiterated by Shun Pao included all kinds of moral statement made by newspapers to the community, which constituted a loose but rich complex of ideas concerning the justifcation of practice. It set forth the value concerns, duty of action, operational norms, practitioners’ ethics, etc. of the newspaper industry, and its core pursuits were “openness”, “justice” and “facts”. They were frequently mentioned and repeatedly argued for such common interactions in everyday practice as readers’ questions, interested parties’ pleadings, offcials’ intervention, and peer competition facing newspapers. Modern discussions on journalism ethics began with ethics of the 19th century, which explained the moral requirement for newspaper activities as a public discourse preliminarily.