复制技术的发明和运用，致使大众媒体作为一种社会功能系统分化而成。作为以传 散沟通为形态的社会设置，大众媒体的运作是封闭的，并在与环境区分中，以讯息/非 讯息为运作符码，以三个纲要为策略，以自我指涉和异己指涉为运作方式，建构出自 己的实在。大众媒体的实在具有双重含义：它既是大众媒体进行着的可以观察的运作， 也是运作所制造出来的社会与世界的实在。引导全社会系统的自我观察是大众媒体的功 能，同时也是籍此，它为社会其他系统持续不断地提供背景知识，成为日常生活的知识 来源和基础，并不能不被当作关于实在的讯息而接受下来，即便对之存有操弄的怀疑。 卢曼的这些见解，完全不同于已有的新闻传播知识，这一方面颠覆了新闻传播学科及其 研究的前提，另一方面，也为新闻传播研究提供了新的视野和思考。
The invention and application of reproduction technologies lead to the evolution of mass media as a distinct system of social functions. As a social configuration characterized by distributed communication, the operation of mass media is closed. In its differentiation from the environment, mass media use information/non-information as its operant code, treat three categories as strategy, and adopt self-reference and other-reference as modes of operation to build its own reality. The reality of mass media has dual significance: it doubles as the ongoing observable operations of mass media, and as the society and reality resultant from its operations. The mass media function to facilitate the self-observation of various systems of the whole society. Thereby, it continuously provides background knowledge to other social systems to form the basis and source of knowledge in everyday life. Its production has to be accepted as real despite haunting suspicion on manipulation. Varying profoundly from extant mass media and journalism studies, Luhmann’s insights subvert many of the latter’s accepted premises, and offer new perspectives and thoughts on communication research.
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