19世纪以来，人文社会科学的建构及方法论深受科学主义的影响。本文简要回顾这一历史过程，重点反思科学主义对早期传播学的学科建构意义，讨论科学主义建构下的传播学方法论存在的隐患。通过辨析科学主义与唯科学主义两个相关概念，本文对当前中国传播学研究方法中存在的普遍问题进行描述，并比较中西学术研究环境的差异，认为应该警惕传播学研究方法中存在的唯科学主义趋势。

Scientism has influenced the construction of humanities and social science since the nineteenth century. This paper reconsiders the meaning of early communication studies constructed by scientism, and discusses hidden problems of the empiricism-positivism in communications methodology. Comparing scientism with scientolatry, the other relevant conception, this paper finds the scientolatry of methodology is the general issue in Chinese current communication studies, which is different but deeply influenced by American communication studies.