纪实、真实、事实三个概念,常常被弄混。本文从符号叙述学的角度出发,对这三 个概念进行了辨析。纪实/虚构是关于叙述文本的框架判断;真实/虚假是关于叙述文本 的逻辑判断;事实/反事实是关于叙述文本与实在世界的连接判断。事实连接经验世界 与文本,但是在现代社会却严重依赖伴随文本,经验世界的实在被伴随文本建构的经验 幻象取代,所以关于文本的各种实在问题,最终沦为一个伴随文本间的互相佐证问题, 对这一点我们应该保持高度警惕。

Usually the concepts of documentality, authenticity and factuality were not distinguished. Adopting the approach of semiotic and narrative, this paper tries to differentiate and analyze these concepts. This paper argues that documentality/fictionality is a framing judgment of narrative text, and authenticity/ falsity is a logic judgment of narrative text, and factuality/anti-factuality is a joint judgment between narrative world and the real world. The judgment of factuality links the narrative text to the experiential world, but it strongly relies on co-texts in the modern society. Significantly the factuality in the experiential world has been replaced by the phantom of experience, which was constructed by the co-texts, so all kinds of real problems of texts have been changed to intertextuality problems with co-texts. This phenomenon should be highly noticed.