当代视域下“沉默的螺旋”理论的反思
Reflection on the Theory of Spiral of Silence: A Contemporary Perspective
本文对“沉默的螺旋”理论的内涵及相关概念进行了阐释,并通过研究其产生的时代背景,认为“沉默的螺旋”理论在现代社会的应用存在一定的局限性。第一,诺尔·纽曼青年时代在纳粹党的生活经历对于她后来的理论影响很大。第二,环境要素。现代社会环境及生活方式和过去的社会环境存在明显的差异,因而不能简单预测个人意见表达的变化,特别是过去个人社会活动范围具有一定的地域性,而互联网的出现使交流范围扩大至全世界。第三,跨文化方面的问题。诺尔·纽曼忽视了文化、地区的差异对于个人沉默效果的影响。第四,诺尔·纽曼忽视了社会事件的类型、性质及人的个体性差异对意见表达的影响,只是将人们的意见表达行为简单地划分为意见表达和沉默。
This article explained the connotation and concepts of "the spiral of silence"theory and also represented the background of the advent of the theory. The application of this theory seems to have a limitation in the modern society. Firstly,the experience in the Nazi Party in Noelle-Neumann’s youth had in?uenced her later theories. Secondly, the environment should be considered as an essential element. As there is an obvious difference of social environment and life styles between modern society and the past, one can’t simply predict people’s changes of opinion expression, especially when individual social activities had limitations in the past,while the advent of the Internet expands the scope of communication to the whole world. Thirdly, under the consideration of inter-cultural communication, she had ignored the differences between cultures and areas on individual silence behavior.Fourthly, she had also ignored the differences of the types and characters of social issues and between individuals, which may in?uence opinion expressions, and had simply divided people's opinion expression behaviors into two categories--opinion expression and silence.
Noelle-Neumann / spiral of silence / opinion expression / public opinion
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