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“失落的链接”与“过载的媒介”：西部乡村初中生家庭沟通与问题性手机使用研究
“Lost Connections” and “Overloaded Media”: A Study of Family Communication and Problematic Smartphone Use among Rural Junior High School Students in Western China
我国西部乡村初中生因青春期特质与地域限制，易陷入问题性手机使用困境。家庭作为青少年的主要社会化场域，揭示其内部沟通模式及其对青少年行为的影响机制，对理解与改善初中生问题性手机使用情况至关重要。本研究基于601名西部乡村初中生的心理与行为数据发现：（1）在我国西部乡村地区约858.73万名初中生中，问题性手机使用的整体发生率达31.6%至39.2%，高于国内外同龄群体，且男生尤为严重；（2）受西部儒学传统与现代教育思潮双重影响，西部乡村家庭沟通呈现“权威-服从型”“引导-服从型”“尊重-对话型”三种模式；（3）家庭沟通模式显著影响西部乡村初中生问题性手机使用，其中“引导-服从型”更容易催生其孤独情绪，进而正向预测问题性手机使用，这种内生于家庭的孤独在高水平学校联结的调节下，其中介效应进一步被强化。由此，解决“媒介过载”的关键在于弥补家庭内部的“链接失落”。
Adolescents in rural Western China, who are influenced by the developmental characteristics of adolescence and regional constraints, are prone to problematic mobile phone use. As the primary socialization setting for adolescents, understanding family communication patterns and their impact on adolescent behavior is essential for addressing and alleviating problematic mobile phone use among junior high school students. Based on psychological and behavioral data from 601 rural junior high school students in Western China, this study reveals that: (1) Among approximately 8.59 million rural junior high school students in Western China, the prevalence of problematic mobile phone use ranges from 31.6% to 39.2%, which is higher than that of their peers at home and abroad, with boys being particularly affected; (2) Influenced by both western Confucian traditions and modern educational values, family communication patterns in rural Western China can be categorized into three types: “authority-conformity”, “guidance-conformity” and “respect-conversation”; (3) Family communication patterns significantly impact problematic mobile phone use of rural junior high school students in Western China, among which the “guidance-conformity” pattern is more likely to induce their loneliness, and thus positively predicts problematic mobile phone use. This mediating effect is further strengthened when there is a high level of school connectedness. Thus, addressing the challenge of “overloaded media” hinges on restoring “lost connections” within the family.
家庭沟通模式 / 青少年 / 手机依赖 / 孤独 / 学校联结
Family communication pattern / adolescents / smartphone dependence / loneliness / school connectedness
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Mobile phone addiction (MPA) is emerging among adolescents, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding the correlation between MPA and suicide behaviors and its mechanism. The objective of the current study is exploring the direct effect of MPA on suicide behaviors and the indirect effect through poor sleep quality.A total of 18,900 Chinese adolescents aged 12 to 18 were recruited via a multi-stage cluster sampling method.The prevalence of MPA and poor sleep quality was 26.2 and 23.1%, respectively. During the past year, 24.4% participants were involved in suicide behaviors. Specifically, suicide ideators, suicide planners, and suicide attempters were 10.7, 8.4, and 5.3%, respectively. Particularly, rural females had the highest prevalence of suicide behaviors, MPA, and poor sleep quality. Logistic regression analysis showed that MPA was significantly associated with suicide ideators (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09-1.37, p < 0.001) and planners (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.04-1.34, p < 0.05), but not for suicide attempters (p > 0.05). Structural equation modelling demonstrated that MPA had direct effect on suicide behaviors (β = 0.145, 95% CI = 0.127-0.160), and poor sleep quality partially mediated the relationship (the mediating ratio was 46.7%). The mediating ratio of poor sleep quality was the highest in urban males.MPA has both direct and indirect effects on suicide behaviors. For suicide prevention, limited mobile phone use and improvement sleep quality may be practical for adolescents. Additionally, more efforts of intervention could give priority to rural girls.
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Gambling, video gaming, and Internet use are typically included as everyday activities that could potentially become behavioral addictions. There is growing evidence that views non-substance related addictions as coping mechanisms, and considers that attachment styles are likely to play a pivotal role on the development of such addictions, especially on young people. Therefore, the present study aimed to: (1) explore the association between attachment, coping, and behavioral addictions (i.e., gambling disorder, video game addiction, and problematic Internet use); and (2) to analyze the mediating/moderating effect that coping has in the relationship of attachment and these behavioral addictions. A sample consisting of 472 students from secondary education (Mean age = 15.6; SD = 1.33; 51.6% females) was recruited. The findings showed a negative association between attachment and behavioral addictions. Most coping strategies were found to be associated with attachment styles, except for self-critique and emotional avoidance. In particular, problem avoidance was significantly correlated to all behavioral addictions. In addition, self-blame and problem solving were significantly correlated to video game addiction and problematic Internet use. Finally, coping was found to act as a mediator and moderator between attachment and video game addiction and problematic Internet use.© 2019 Scandinavian Psychological Associations and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Our aim was to derive a short version of the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale (MPPUS) using data from 412 adolescents of the Swiss HERMES (Health Effects Related to Mobile phonE use in adolescentS) cohort.A German version of the original MPPUS consisting of 27 items was shortened by principal component analysis (PCA) using baseline data collected in 2012. For confirmation, the PCA was carried out again with follow-up data 1 year later.PCA revealed four factors related to symptoms of addiction (Loss of Control, Withdrawal, Negative Life Consequences and Craving) and a fifth factor reflecting the social component of mobile phone use (Peer Dependence). The shortened scale (MPPUS-10) highly reflects the original MPPUS (Kendalls' Tau: 0.80 with 90% concordant pairs). Internal consistency of MPPUS-10 was good with Cronbach's alpha: 0.85. The results were confirmed using the follow-up data.The MPPUS-10 is a suitable instrument for research in adolescents. It will help to further clarify the definition of problematic mobile phone use in adolescents and explore similarities and differences to other technological addictions.
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Meta-theoretical focus is given to how communication researchers are approaching and hypothesizing moderation. A moderation typology is offered and an evaluation of the field’s common practices for positing moderation reveals an inability to discern between three overarching classifications (Contributory, Contingent, Cleaved). A content analysis of eight communication journals reveals moderation hypotheses lacking a level of precision that can best aid the field’s knowledge generation. In addition, vague hypothesizing is leaving communication researchers vulnerable to the commitment of Type III error (i.e., correctly rejecting a null hypothesis for the wrong reason). Recommendations are provided in an effort to improve the field’s conceptualization and presentation of moderation.
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Despite the fact that the mobile phone has become a pervasive technology of our time, little research has been done on mobile dependency. Therefore, a valid and reliable instrument, conforming to Iranian culture seems essential. The aim of our study was to validate the Iranian version of MPPUS (Mobile Phone Problematic Use Scale).This was a cross-sectional research, in which data were collected from 600 students studying at Tehran universities. Stratified sampling method was used to collect data. All participants completed Demographic Questionnaire, Cellular Phone Dependency Questionnaire (CPDQ) anonymously. Finally, a clinical interview (based on DSM-IV-TR) was conducted with 100 participants. Data were analyzed using concurrent validity, factor analysis, internal consistency (Cronbach's'α), split half, test-retest and ROC Curve by SPSS18 Software.As a result of reliability analysis and factor analysis by principal component and Varimax rotation, we extracted three factors including preoccupation, withdrawal symptoms and overuse of mobile phones in both males and females. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) of the MPPUS was.91; Cronbach's alpha of the factors was.87,.70,.82 respectively. The test-retest correlation of the MPPUS was.56. The best cut off point for this questionnaire (MPPUS) was 160.The MPPUS proved to be a reliable questionnaire with adequate factor models to assess the extent of problems caused by the "misuse" of mobile phones in the Iranian society; however, further studies are needed on this topic.
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In this article I evaluated the psychometric properties of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3). Using data from prior studies of college students, nurses, teachers, and the elderly, analyses of the reliability, validity, and factor structure of this new version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale were conducted. Results indicated that the measure was highly reliable, both in terms of internal consistency (coefficient alpha ranging from.89 to.94) and test-retest reliability over a 1-year period (r =.73). Convergent validity for the scale was indicated by significant correlations with other measures of loneliness. Construct validity was supported by significant relations with measures of the adequacy of the individual's interpersonal relationships, and by correlations between loneliness and measures of health and well-being. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that a model incorporating a global bipolar loneliness factor along with two method factor reflecting direction of item wording provided a very good fit to the data across samples. Implications of these results for future measurement research on loneliness are discussed.
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1. 据《中华人民共和国乡村振兴促进法》，“乡村”指城市建成区以外具有自然、社会、经济特征和生产、生活、生态、文化等多重功能的地域综合体，包括乡镇和村庄等。据此，本文中的“乡村”包括农村等传统农业生产地及集镇等社会生活综合区域。教育部数据显示，2022年全国初中在校生5120.60万人，其中乡村（含镇区）2997.30万人，西部1467.06万人，据此估算西部乡村初中生约858.73万人。
2. 鉴于量表第10题“我收到过支付不起的手机账单”的公因子方差偏低（0.379），且与我国未成年被试实际情况不符，故删除该题项。删除后量表信效度显著提升，整体结构更契合研究目标人群。最终采用9个项目进行测量，总分45分。
3. 在不考虑学校联结调节作用的情况下，使用PROCESS运行model 4分析孤独的中介效应，结果显示，孤独对问题性手机使用具有显著正向预测作用（β = 3.19，p < 0.001）。
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