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从“监控资本”到“关联资本”?中国数字平台的媒介化与组织化
From Surveillance Capitalism to Association Capitalism? Towards the Mediatization and Organization of Platforms in China
本文尝试在“监控资本主义”之外，提供一种分析和阐释数字平台的另类思路，即“关联资本主义”。关联资本主义从组织与传播的视角出发，将平台的组织与扩张看作一种媒介化的过程，并试图阐释在此过程中，平台如何通过劝服、合作、规制等措施连接各种社会资源、组织和参与者，并最终形成自己“守门人”的市场垄断地位。在外卖平台的语境下，关联资本主义的建立包括三个层面：惯习化、组织化和具身化。每一次的“关联”，都有诸多的人、物、关系作为媒介，承担起联络、对接、管理、聚合等功能。作为一个敏感型概念，“关联资本主义”对于我们反思数字平台、技术劳动与组织管理之间的关系具有理论贡献。
The current article aims to provide an alternative way of analyzing the formation and configuration of platform capitalism in and beyond China in addition to “surveillance capitalism”. It is called as association capitalism. From the perspective of organization and communication, association capitalism regards platformization as a process of mediatization, in which it connects, organizes, and mobilizes various social resources, and ultimately forms its own “gatekeeper” position in the Chinese market. Taking food delivery industry as a case, it is argued that association capitalism consists of three dimensions: habituation, organization, and embodiment. The “association capitalism” indicates how platforms undertake functions such as contacting, docking, managing, and aggregating. As a sensitive concept, it shed lights on our reflection on the relationship between platform capital, technological labor, and organizational management.
Association capitalism / digital platforms / mediatization / organization
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1. 文章对于“关联性”在平台语境下的使用与理解深受Bruno Latour的启发。在本文的写作与修改过程中，恰逢学者Latour过世。作者谨以此文的撰写致敬Latour对于学界乃至整个社会独特的贡献与启迪。
2. 中国的外卖文化古已有之，宋代《东京梦华录》中便有记载，“凡百所卖饮食之人，装鲜净盘盒器皿，车檐动使，奇巧可爱。食味和羹，不敢草略”，参见《东京梦华录（卷五）》，孟元老撰，邓之成注。
3. 具身性强调身体及其与环境（世界）的交互关系在认知活动中的作用。相关研究可参见：刘海龙，束开荣（2019），具身性与传播研究的身体观念——知觉现象学与认知科学的视角，《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》，（2），80-89；Lindblom, J.(2015), Embodied Social Cognition. Cham,Switzerland: Springer Internation Publishing；Kaur-Gill, S., & Dutta, M. J. (2020). Negotiating the (im) mobility of domestic work: Communicative erasures, disrupted embodiments, and neoliberal Asia. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 13(2), 130-150.
4. 感谢两位匿名评审人、董晨宇、束开荣、丁未等给出的详细且具有建设性的修改意见，感谢《国际新闻界》组织的第50期深研会《平台、劳动与社会福祉》的会上讨论，这是本文得以发表的重要前提。
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