媒介决定女性境况——基特勒论话语网络变迁中的女性角色、功能与位置嬗变

王颖吉

国际新闻界 ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (12) : 28-45.

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国际新闻界 ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (12) : 28-45.
研究论文

媒介决定女性境况——基特勒论话语网络变迁中的女性角色、功能与位置嬗变

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Media Determine the Situation of Women: On the Evolution of Women’s Roles, Functions, and Positions in the Shifting Discourse Networks by Kittler

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摘要

在基特勒看来,口语是一种性别区分的媒介,而打字机是一种性别中立的媒介。打字机带来了写作的去性别化,通过颠倒写作的性别,从而颠覆了话语网络的物质基础,这种变化带来了传统性别隐喻的消亡。借助福柯和拉康的理论,基特勒描述了1800话语网络和1900话语网络间,女性在文学流通中的角色和位置的变化。1800话语网络中,母亲作为抽象精神的象喻,被排除于话语网络实际生产过程之外,处于“输入”和“输出”两个位置上。而在1900话语网络中,打字机使得书写的男性垄断地位崩塌,女性开始作为秘书和打字员进入其中,居于文本处理和生产中的核心。尽管基特勒并非女性主义者,但他以媒介物质性和话语网络为基础的女性研究也为女性主义提供了新的启发,贡献了新的理论视野和思路。

Abstract

In Kittler’s view, spoken language is a means for gender distinction, whereas the typewriter is a medium for gender neutrality. By inverting the gender of writing, the typewriter has brought about a de-gendered approach to writing, reversing the material base of discourse networks. As a result, traditional gender metaphors have vanished. Kittler analyzed the changes in the role and status of women in literary circulation between the 1800 and 1900 discourse networks using the theories of Foucault and Lacan. The mother, as an abstract spiritual metaphor, is excluded from the real production process of the 1800 discourse network and is in both “input” and “output” positions in the 1800 discourse network. In the 1900 discourse network, the typewriter caused the collapse of the male monopoly on writing, and women began to enter as secretaries and typists, occupying the core of text processing and production. Although Kittler is not a feminist, his research on women based on media materiality and discourse networks has also provided new insights and contributed new theoretical perspectives and ideas to feminism.

关键词

基特勒 / 媒介 / 女性境况 / 话语网络 / 位置嬗变

Key words

Kittler / media / the situation of women / discourse network / location transmutation

引用本文

导出引用
王颖吉. 媒介决定女性境况——基特勒论话语网络变迁中的女性角色、功能与位置嬗变[J]. 国际新闻界. 2023, 45(12): 28-45
WANG Yingji. Media Determine the Situation of Women: On the Evolution of Women’s Roles, Functions, and Positions in the Shifting Discourse Networks by Kittler[J]. Chinese Journal of Journalism & Communication. 2023, 45(12): 28-45

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基金

国家社会科学基金重大项目“文明多样性视野下的中国媒介考古研究”(20&ZD329)

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