英国话语分析学者诺曼·费尔克拉夫的《话语与社会变迁》中的话语理论影响深 远。其理论主要来源之一是法国思想家米歇尔·福柯的“话语理论”，不过费尔克拉夫 对福柯的解读与福柯原著存在很大误差。本文采用文本分析方法，从费尔克拉夫和福柯 的原文出发来质证该误读。费尔克拉夫认为，福柯话语理论的“话语建构性”“话语实 践意义由它与其他话语的关系来界定”“权力的话语本性、话语的政治本性、社会变化 的话语本性”等观点“弥补了语言学话语分析的不足”，同时批判福柯“缺乏对语言文 本、实践以及抵抗性权力关系关注”。但本文在分析福柯的理论后指出，费尔克拉夫在 展示福柯的话语理论时，不但忽略福柯“话语”概念的内涵，而且没能理解福柯权力在 主体、社会现实建构中的基础作用以及权力关系的抵抗性特征与存在条件，片面强调话 语的作用，把福柯的话语理论化约为“政治话语本体论”，一种“特别话语”的结构主 义。尽管如此，费尔克拉夫从福柯处启发的话语理论为话语分析开辟了新的思路。

The discourse theory in Norman Fairclough’s Discourse and Social Change is greatly in?uential in today’s critical discourse analysis. His theoretical inspiration mainly comes from his reading and interpretation of Michel Foucault’s theory of discourse, but unfortunately there exist serious misinterpretations. This article intends to expose these misinterpretations by methodological using text analysis and reading their original works. Fairclough argues that Foucault’s ideas such as “discursively constitutive”, “any given type of discourse practice is generated out of combinations, and is defned by its relationship to others”, “power’s political nature”, “discourse’s political nature”, and “discursive nation of social change”, make a great contribution to the linguistics-orientated discourse analysis while accusing Foucault of “neglecting the linguistic texts, the practices and the resistance of power”. The article argues after analyzing Foucault’s ideas about “discourse and power” that Fairclough has not only ignored Foucault’s definition of discourse but disregarded the basic role of power in the formation of subjectivity and social reality, more pitifully, paying no attention to the resistant nature of power and its existential condition which is liberty. Fairclough as a linguist emphasizes more the role of discourse and consciously and unconsciously reduces Foucauldian discourse analysis to an “ontology of political discourse”, a structuralist framework of “quite specifc sort of discourse”. Anyway, Fairclough has made an important academic contribution to the discourse analysis.