首脑新闻发布会上选择记者提问如何做到公平公正，是一个充满争议的世界性难题。本文以1993-2015年中国总理新闻发布会为例，探究记者选择行为的特征及其影响因素。研究发现：总理新闻发布会的记者选择决策面临多样化和集中度的权衡难题。双边贸易额排名、媒体来源国的政治实力和媒体声誉三个因素均显著影响提问机会；提问的内容取向和对抗性取向与境外记者的提问机会之间呈负相关关系。本文认为，在中国大陆新闻发布会的特殊背景下首脑职务决定论比首脑个性决定论的理论框架更有解释力度，也许将两者结合起来解释更为有效。最后，作者提出了改革国家领导人新闻发布会记者选择制度的对策。

The press conferences of the heads of government are vital events for political communication in one country. Their limited frequency and time span make reporters’ chance to raise questions scarce. How to ensure justice and fairness when it comes to choose journalistic questioning in the press conference is a controversial problem. In this article, the Chinese Primer's press conference (1993-2015) is served as an example to examine the characteristics of selecting journalistic questioning and the in?uencing factors. The results show that the selection is facing the diffculties of balancing diversity and affnity. There are three factors playing important roles on the selection process: ranking of bilateral trade volume, political power of journalist’s source country and the reputation of media organization. There are negative relationships between the chance for a foreign reporter to raise a question and the orientations of the question. Besides, under the unique circumstance of Chinese Primer press conference, the impact of Premier’s duty is more efficient than that of Premier’s personality, so a better explanation may combine the two. Finally, the countermeasures to innovate the journalistic selection mechanism in the press conference of the heads of government are suggested.