The term “people” occupies a subjective, foundational, and fundamental status and function within the scientific system of Xi Jinping’s cultural thought. Through a systematic examination and profound comprehension of the people-centered concept embedded in Xi Jinping’s cultural thought, this paper deeply elucidates its theoretical value and contemporary significance. The research indicates that the people-centered concept in Xi Jinping’s cultural thought inherits the people-oriented essence of Marxist cultural theory, continues the people-first ideology of traditional Chinese culture, innovates the theory of “unity between party spirit and the people-centered principle”, and enriches Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. It fully demonstrates that Xi Jinping’s cultural thought is a scientific theory that always places the people at the forefront of its concerns and is deeply etched in the hearts of hundreds of millions of Chinese people.