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Unveiling the Behemoth: The Significance of Studying Television Towers
CAO Peixin, YANG Zixi
Chinese Journal of Journalism & Communication ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (10) : 90-112.
PDF(1813 KB)
PDF(1813 KB)
Unveiling the Behemoth: The Significance of Studying Television Towers
As both historical continuation and contemporary embodiment of the sublime in architecture, television towers, despite their pervasive presence in global cities, have rarely attracted substantive scholarly attention within the humanities and social sciences concerning their pronounced political, economic, technological, and cultural attributes. This study, operating within the interdisciplinary framework of cultural studies, transposes the television tower from visually-oriented architectural criticism into the domain of journalism and communication, thereby establishing for the first time the legitimacy and academic significance of “television tower studies” within the discipline. A review of the literature reveals that cultural studies have thus far produced only fragmented case analyses, focusing predominantly on television towers constructed by left-wing regimes in the latter half of the 20th century and examining their manifest visual politics and latent ideological symptoms. Concurrently, the “Gaze Theory”, emanating from the core of Western cultural theory, has served as an implicit “pre-theory” in the French intellectual tradition's critique of modernity via the Eiffel Tower. Constrained by the depoliticizing effects of neoliberalism and methodological blind spots within cultural studies itself, existing research and theoretical frameworks have failed to adequately discern the contemporary transformations of television towers—namely, their “re-politicization” and increasingly “complex economic composition”. Consequently, this article revisits key debates within the critical school of cultural studies, reaffirms its potential for synthesis with the political economy of communication, and advocates for its progression toward anthropological methodology. It validates the appropriateness of situating television towers within the field of “infrastructure studies”. Drawing upon recent ethnographic findings in television tower research, this article elucidates how an anthropological approach simultaneously facilitates the critical identification of their “techno-political nature”, the selective gathering of “administrative and capital-related documentation”, and the reinvocation of the “visual-cultural theoretical tradition”. Through this triangulation, the methodological pathways, academic value, and practical relevance of television tower research are compellingly articulated.
television towers / infrastructure studies / cultural studies / political economy of communication / gaze theory
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1. 本文所讨论的“现代性”有两种意义的区别,第一种是资产阶级的现代性概念,第二种是倾向于激进地反资产阶级态度,并促进现代艺术先锋派产生的现代性。为加以区分,文章在言及后者时将表述为“第二重现代性”,其余未添加任何表述的“现代性”意指前者。详见卡林内斯库(
2. 埃菲尔铁塔在建筑计划中原本只计划矗立20年。然而,建筑者埃菲尔最后以“无线电通信”为由,最终让铁塔被允许保留下来。1909年,一个地下军用无线电报站在靠近南柱的地方建成,至今仍存在;在第一次世界大战中,埃菲尔铁塔截获了一条著名的无线电信息,为法国军队提供了有关德国军队调动的信息,使其赢得了1914年的马恩河战役,并挫败了入侵巴黎的计划。还有更多如“报纸机构入驻埃菲尔铁塔”的史料可以说明,埃菲尔铁塔在建成后确实是一座传媒意义上的“广播电视塔”。
3. 铁塔之怪诞与无用性在其建成前后的文艺评论虽遭受不少刻薄批评,但很快它就被大量的诗歌与戏剧作品所接纳,从其作为符号在诗歌中抒怀“面对现代主义未来,却有怀旧的不安”,到其在先锋派戏剧中反复作为核心的实体背景元素,再过后,它便在文艺界成为法国平庸无奇的现代性象征。详见Thompson, W. (2000). “The Symbol of Paris”: Writing the Eiffel Tower. The French Review, 73(6), 1130-1140.
4. 不同于弗洛伊德言说的“观看”(look)意指的“我看着谁”,拉康的凝视(gaze)意指“我想象他人在看着我”(拉康语),参见Lacan, J. (1979). The four fundamental concepts of psychoanalysis. New York: Penguin Books.
5. 传播理论家Gregory Bateson在精神分析领域提出了“双重束缚”理论,它指一个人在看似向往对话交往的状态下,又发出抵触和负面的讯息。于是对方无论作何反应都会得到负面的结果,更容易使人陷入两难的境地。
6. 一方面,它因为“非功能建筑”的身份被弃置于建筑学的边陲地带,所以即便电视塔内有成体系的办公系统是一种常识,却是研究者的盲区;另一方面,当代电视塔的媒介形象,被其所属地区的媒体与宣传部门反复生产、复制为海量媒介符号的现实,同样遭受新闻传播学的忽视。
7. 经典研究如Anand(
8. 本次笔者与默多克教授的交谈得益于复旦大学新闻学院主办“第十三届新媒体与全球信息社会的公正传播”的暑期学校,此处致谢复旦大学曹晋教授为广大研究者提供的中外学者交流平台。
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