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The Paradox of the Participation of the Privileged in Network Public Sphere: A Study on Male feminist in the Feminist Solidarity
JI Di
Chinese Journal of Journalism & Communication ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (9) : 71-90.
PDF(1551 KB)
PDF(1551 KB)
The Paradox of the Participation of the Privileged in Network Public Sphere: A Study on Male feminist in the Feminist Solidarity
With the development of social media, the internet has emerged as an increasingly important space for feminist activists. Based on the paradox of the participation of the privileged, this paper explores the exclusionary discourses that the male feminists as feminist advocators encounter from feminist solidarity when they participate in debates about the gender issues in network public sphere and analyzes the causes. The study shows that the exclusionary discourses mainly reflect that the feminist solidarity distrusts the motives of male feminists and their standpoints of epistemology, and alienates male feminist advocators, and that such discourses stem from complex technical and social factors, including the weak continuity between the discourses and actions, the epistemological conundrum of distinguishing the benevolent sexism from cultural behaviors without any intension of sexism, and the base of solidarity itself on experiencing some forms of oppression or injustice. The clarification and reflection of this paradox can lead to better understanding, less conflicts and stronger solidarity between two sexes so as to achieve genders equality eventually.
the paradox of the participation of the privileged / feminist solidarity / male feminist / Internet discourse
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1. 虽然由于社会规制与行动者能动性之间存在张力,宏观的社会结构与行动者的个别境况并非总严丝合缝,如在性别不平等的社会中,男性性少数群体也会受到“男子气概”的困扰和伤害,同时也存在生理性别与社会性别不完全对应的情况。但本文所讨论的“性别不平等”乃是一种宏观的、结构性的社会问题,因而对于性少数群体的个体经验进行舍弃;且现有的关于性别不平等的权威调查如世界经济论坛发布的《全球性别差距报告》,仍以生理性别作为区分标准,因此本文对于受益群体与受压迫群体的认定也就依然根据生理性别进行区分,即男性群体为不平等性别结构的受益者,而女性群体为不平等性别结构的受压迫者。这并非是研究者对个体处境的否认,而是一种研究上的取舍。
2. 在此,笔者对于微博用户中的“男性声援者”采取物理主义而非心理主义取向的定义,即必须真实地参与了性别议题的声援的男性用户才会被研究者观察到,毕竟只有真实的社会行为才会产生社会后果,因此仅在内心认定自己支持性别平等、或者只是自认为女性主义者却并未进行实际话题参与的男性用户自然不在本文观察范围中。
3. 考虑到本文研究重点主要在“女性主义团结为何排斥男性声援者”,而不同社会背景的女性用户也有可能基于同样的逻辑排斥男性声援者,因而在此未将受访者的社会背景列为重点筛选要素。关于不同社会背景的女性与排斥话语类型的关系问题,有待后续研究补充。此外,对男性声援者施加排斥的人是女性用户,本研究希望理解的也是女性为何排斥男性,因而女性受访者为何对男性有排斥心理尤为重要,故在研究中访谈的重点放在了女性受访者,男性声援者被排斥的感受和经历是作为论文的补充出现。
4. 参与式观察中所收集的评论、转发及原创微博文本以及访谈内容中存在部分激烈或粗俗的陈述,为保持良好的阅读体验和中立的学术表达,笔者在不破坏话语本意的基础上做过删减处理,或在修正阶段选择了含义相近的其他评论文本及访谈资料。但有些内容若加更改或删除,会导致话语中的隐含逻辑不能被完全表达,如“女权蝻”若改作“女权男”就很难表达其中对男性声援者的极端他者化的含义,而若做删除,对谩骂、攻击避而不谈,则是对真实网络生态与背后逻辑的回避,因而对部分代表性的粗俗词汇进行了保留以便分析,敬请谅解。
5. 以下所有引用均来自参与式观察时所收集的文本及深度访谈时的访谈记录。
6. “割韭菜”,网络用语,最初来源于金融领域,意象来源于韭菜可以反复收割的特性,而不明真相被反复压榨或欺骗依旧执迷不悟的人被称为“韭菜”,在此意味着这个男性用户这样发言只是欺骗蛊惑,实际上是为了从欺骗女粉丝的行为中获取商业利润或吸引更多粉丝。
7. “恰烂钱”,网络用语,指通过不道德的手段为自己谋取利益。
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