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Concept, Dimensions and Scale Development of Gamebullying
ZHANG Zizhong
Chinese Journal of Journalism & Communication ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (10) : 69-97.
PDF(1644 KB)
PDF(1644 KB)
Concept, Dimensions and Scale Development of Gamebullying
This research focuses on bullying in games. Compared with game violence and grief play, gamebullying is always accompanied by imbalanced power and strategies. Cyberbullying does not take game immersion and player’s avatar into consideration so the concept of gamebullying is necessary as well as irreplaceable, and it is of great significance to both game players and game operations. This study clarified the characteristics of gamebullying through in-depth interviews and surveys. Players with the most prominent gamebullying behaviors or game victimization behaviors were selected as research objects, and exploratory factor analysis was used to develop gamebullying and game victimization measurement tools, which also be verified by confirmatory factor analysis. The results show that the gamebullying scale (GBS) extracts three factors, named verbal bullying, avatar bullying, and social bullying. The game victimization scale (GVS) extracts three factors, named avatar victimization, social victimization, and technical capital victimization, respectively. Finally, the Game Bully Questionnaire and the Game Victim Questionnaire were developed. From a macro perspective, influential factors have been discussed.
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This study examined a sample of adolescent online game players and explored the relationships between their gender, preference for video games (VG), hostility, aggressive behavior, experiences of cyberbullying, and victimization. The path relationships among the variables were further validated with structure equation modeling. Among the respondents, 1,069 (86.77%) had played online games and these respondents were the subjects of this study. The analyses revealed a significant relationship among preference for VG, hostility, aggressive behavior, and cyberbullying among online gamers. Preferences for VG were indirectly associated with cyberbullying via aggressive behavior. Moreover, the tendency toward hostility was indirectly associated with cyberbullying via victimization. Being a victim of cyberbullying was directly associated with both cyberbullying and aggressive behavior and indirectly associated with cyberbullying via aggressive behaviors.
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