In this paper, we analyze and compare the theoretical context, representative research paradigms, new trends and the interaction between theory and practice in the field of science communication, risk communication and health communication, with a brief review of Chinese research status. We conclude that these areas have their unique theoretical tradition and research themes, although they are closely related to each other and have significant overlap in their research subjects. Understanding the similarity and difference can help Chinese communication scholarship better accept, absorb, and develop science communication, risk communication and health communication in accordance with local situation. Finally, we highlight the issues and topics in science, risk and health communications that is in urgent need of research and pinpoint the possible theoretical breakthroughs Chinese communication scholars can make.