莱文森继承了媒介环境学的传统，但流于肤浅。他认为技术悲观论者们只注意技术的弊端，
而没有从演化的视角评估技术。莱文森认为技术在初生阶段所带有的弊端将在演化的过程中被淘
汰或补救。但莱文森的进化论面临三个问题：谁在进行选择？何以选择？选择的结果如何评估？
对这三个问题，莱文森的答案都是“自然——人性”，并给出了一幅黑格尔式的理论图景。但他
错误地设定了某种前技术的“自然状态”的人性，未能贯彻媒介环境学从生态整体考察媒介的基
本立场，没有意识到价值标准也存在范式革命。

Levinson has inherited the tradition of the media ecology, but a superficial one. He believes that
the disadvantage of the firstborn technology can be eliminated in the evolutionary process. However,
Levinson's theory of evolution faces three questions: Who makes selection? How to make selection?
How to assess the result of selection? Levinson gives the same answer, “nature – humanity”, with a
Hegelian theoretical prospect. But he does not realize the paradigm revolution of the standard of value.