This essay focuses on nationalism in China. It situates the analysis in China’s social and historical relationship with the West and discusses the differences and similarities between official nationalism and popular nationalism, and between political nationalism and consumer nationalism. The essay first traces the historical development of nationalism in China since the First Opium War in order to provide a broader historical context, which is followed by an investigation of cosmopolitanism. I argue that modern China often swings between nationalism and cosmopolitanism. After that, the essay analyzes the “D8 Expedition” to explore the specifcs of online nationalism. I argue that the D8 case is not only the expression of nationalism but also the performance of identity politics that is embedded in consumer culture and global geopolitics. Such a performance is not only rooted in our selective memory of history, but also asserts China’s position in the context of globalization that is sometimes characterized by frustrations and resentment. Thus, nationalism in China converges local and global forces, politics and economy, and offcial and popular elements.